Parts of Speech

NOUN

a  place, person, or thing. Can be the subject or object of a sentence. Ex: dog, house, father, France

PRONOUN

a word that stands or  replaces for ("pro" = for) a noun. Ex: they, he , she, it

VERBS

action words. Ex: read, sit, screw

ADJECTIVE

a word that modifies or describes a noun. Answers the questions "how many," "what kind," etc. Ex: sad, suicidal, green, dangerous

ADVERB

a word that modifies or describes a verb. Ex: carefully, wisely, quickly. Also sometimes  describes  an adjective. ("He was very short." 'Very' is an adverb modifying 'short,' which in turn is an adjective modifying 'he'.) Adverbs usually, but not always, end in "-ly". (However, not every word ending in "ly" is an adverb: "friendly," for example, is an adjective.)

PREPOSITION

(literally "pre-position") a word that indicates the relationship of a noun (or noun phrase) to another word. Examples of prepositions are against, to, with, at, for,  across.