Parts of Speech

NOUN

a  place, person, or thing. Can be the subject or object of a sentence. Ex: dog, house, father, France

PRONOUN

a word that stands or  replaces for ("pro" = for) a noun. Ex: they, he , she, it

VERBS

action words. Ex: read, sit, screw

ADJECTIVE

a word that modifies or describes a noun. Answers the questions "how many," "what kind," etc. Ex: sad, suicidal, green, dangerous

ADVERB

a word that modifies or describes a verb. Ex: carefully, wisely, quickly. Also sometimes  describes  an adjective. ("He was very short." 'Very' is an adverb modifying 'short,' which in turn is an adjective modifying 'he'.) Adverbs usually, but not always, end in "-ly". (However, not every word ending in "ly" is an adverb: "friendly," for example, is an adjective.)

PREPOSITION

(literally "pre-position") a word that indicates the relationship of a noun (or noun phrase) to another word. Examples of prepositions are against, to, with, at, for,  across. 

Action Words Or State

Verbs are action words. An action word is a doing verb - think of an action and it will know doubt be a verb. For example:
To kick
To run
To jump
To scream
All the words above are action words - you do them.
 Some verbs represent a state of being for example to like is not an action it's a state. To show you like someone you might use actions e.g. to hug, to kiss, to help - but to like on its own isn't an action.
Some verbs can be state and action words depending on the context for example:
1. I have a dog called Picasso.
2. I have lunch every day.
In example 1 have is a synonym for the word possesses or own. Both these synonyms are states of being. Owning something isn´t an action it´s a state of being. Possessing something is a state of being.
 In example 2 have is a synonym for the word eat. To eat is an action.
State verbs can´t be used in a continuous form e.g. as an ING verb. For example, we can't say, "I'm possessing it" or "I'm owning it." Or  'I am loving you', we say 'I love you'!!

In the kitchen

In the Garden