a word that modifies or describes a verb. Ex: carefully, wisely, quickly. Also sometimes
describes an adjective. ("He was very short." 'Very' is an adverb modifying 'short,' which in turn is an adjective modifying 'he'.) Adverbs usually, but not always, end in "-ly". (However, not every word ending in "ly" is an adverb: "friendly," for example, is an adjective.)
(literally "pre-position") a word that indicates the relationship of a noun (or noun phrase) to another word. Examples of prepositions are against, to, with, at, for, across.
A classic developmental skills text for intermediate to advanced students of English, Understanding and Using English Grammar is...
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